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Wednesday, February 27, 2013

WATCH LIVE: "Al-Qaeda in the United States: A Complete Analysis of Terrorism Offences"

WATCH LIVE at 10:00 AM ESTFollow @CSIS for live updates

"Al-Qaeda in the United States:  A Complete Analysis of Terrorism Offences"
Featuring:

General Michael Hayden (Ret.)
Former Director

Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency

and
Robin Simcox
Publication Author and Research Fellow
Henry Jackson Society


Moderated By:

Stephanie Sanok
Acting Director
CSIS Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Program


Tuesday, February 26, 2013
10:00-11:00AM

CSIS 1800 K. St. NW, Washington, DC 20006
B1 Conference Center

In recent years, several individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds have attempted to attack the United States on behalf of al-Qaeda. These individuals have defied easy categorization, creating challenges for intelligence, law enforcement, and other agencies tasked with countering their activities. However, with the publication of "Al-Qaeda in the United States", the Henry Jackson Society seeks to provide new insights into the al-Qaeda movement and its U.S. operations by rigorously analyzing those involved or affiliated with the organization. Please join CSIS and the Henry Jackson Society on February 26 for an on-the-record discussion of this new report and the nature of al-Qaeda-related terrorism in the United States.

Somalia: British Ambassador Meets With Puntland Leader

Garowe, Somalia — British Ambassador to Somalia, Matt Baugh led a delegation of officials to meet with Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole in Garowe on Tuesday, Garowe Online reports.

After landing at Garowe International airport, Ambassador Baugh led a delegation that included Head of UK's Department for International Development (DFID) for Somalia Joanna Reid and met with Puntland President Farole and Vice President Abdisamad Ali Shire, Minister of Security Khalif Isse Mudan, Minister of Education Abdi Farah Juha and Minister of Planning and International Cooperation Daud Mohamed Omar.

After the ambassador met with President Farole the two officials gave a brief press statement on their meeting on Tuesday.

President Farole said that they had discussed the ongoing democratization process in Puntland and how the British government supports the process.

"We discussed a number of issues including development projects in Puntland, security, the democratization process which the British government has given full support for and issues regarding all of Somalia," said President Farole.

Ambassador Baugh firstly thanked the Puntland government for their welcome and issued his condolences to the family of Sheikh Abdiqadir - who was recently assassinated in Garowe - he also said that the British government would give its support in counter-terrorism projects in Puntland.

"I want to express the British government's sincerest wishes to help Puntland combat those [security] threats and address them together," said Ambassador Baugh.

He also said that the British government supports the democratization process in Puntland so that it can achieve, "a credible, fair and safe election".

Earlier this month, in a press release from the DFID pledged to help build "a new democratic government and federal parliament," as well as deliver development aid.

Somalia: Al-Shabaab Kills Two Officials in Gedo

Suspected al-Shabaab members shot and killed two government officials in Busar, a small town in Somalia's Gedo region, UN-funded Radio Bar-Kulan reported.

Heavily armed militants shot dead Busar deputy administration officer Osman Abdinoor Abdirahman and head of social affairs Mohamed Hussein Ibrahim inside a restaurant Monday night (February 25th), according to regional army spokesman Colonel Warfa Sheikh Adan.

The Busar police boss was also at the restaurant during the attack but managed to escape unhurt, Adan said, adding that government troops now pursuing the assailants who escaped after the incident.

Media Discover the Limits of Freedom in Somalia

Somali Journalists protest on Jan. 27, 2013 against the arrest of their colleague Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim who was arrested for the story of a woman who alleged that she was gang-raped by Somali government forces. Credit: Abdurrahman Warsameh/IPS
Media advocates in Somalia worry that a recent case against a journalists who exposed the story of a gang rape involving members of the national security forces will serve as a deterrent to journalists countrywide.

Journalist Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim was arrested on Jan. 10 for publishing the story of a 27-year-old woman who alleged that she was gang-raped by five Somali security forces in August 2012.

Ibrahim was detained for one month without charges, but was later charged along with the victim for “insulting state security forces”. Earlier this month a regional court in Mogadishu found both accused guilty and sentenced them to a year in prison. They case went into appeal, with a new verdict now being expected on Wednesday Feb. 27 by the Mogadishu Appeals Court.

This will make journalists avoid venturing into areas that will lead them to risky stories such as this one, Abdulahi Elmi, a media advocate in Mogadishu, told IPS. And that has huge implications for the already-dismal press freedom situation in the country. It will definitely negatively affect and worsen the situation for local media workers.

The case sparked an international outcry, with international rights organisation Human Rights Watch (HRW) calling for the government to drop its case against both, which HRW deemed "groundless".

The National Union of Somali Journalists called the conviction “a serious setback's for press freedom.

But Somali government officials have repeatedly distanced themselves from the case, saying it was a judicial matter and insisting on the independence of the country's judiciary.

Following Ibrahim's arrest, however, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud said that his administration would not tolerate negative coverage from the local press.

Local journalists who support Ibrahim told IPS that they would now think twice before interviewing people critical of the government or reporting on stories involving abuse by security forces.

"It was a clear warning for us," a local journalist told IPS. He asked for anonymity because he feared reprisals.

"Our friend was treated badly just because he dared to listen to a woman who said she suffered injustice at the hands of those who were supposed to protect her.
Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim was arrested for publishing the story of a 27-year-old woman who alleged she was gang raped by five Somali security forces in August 2012. Credit: Abdurrahman Warsameh/IPS - 
Ibrahim is not the only journalist who has been arrested in connection with the case. Daud Abdi Daud was held by government police for nearly a week without charge for protesting in court on Feb. 5 against Ibrahim’s sentence. He was eventually released on bail on Feb. 12.

Daud told IPS that he was not allowed to see a lawyer and was not officially charged for any crime, although officials had told him that he was being held for “discipline”.

“The police took me to custody after I said journalists should be able to interview any woman, including the first lady, if she allowed it,” Daud said in Mogadishu after he was released on bail.

Abdi Aynte, director of the Heritage Institute for Policy Studies, an independent think-tank in Mogadishu, said the case showed that there was a need to improve media freedom here.

“In comparison to some of Somalia’s neighbouring countries, like Ethiopia or Eritrea, I think Somalia enjoys a considerable amount of freedom in terms of what people can say and in terms of what groups can say. But there is no doubt that the government could do more to improve that condition,” said Anyte.

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Eritrea leads the world in imposing censorship on media. In 2012 the CPJ ranked Somalia as the second-worst country where journalists are murdered regularly and the killers go free.

A total of 49 journalists were killed since 1992 in Somalia, CPJ figures show, with 12 being killed in the last year alone. No one has been arrested in connection of the killings, according to the watchdog organisation.

But Anyte said that the government's handling of the case had cost it a considerable amount of credibility.

Both the government and the journalists have capacity issues. One can question the investigatory capacity and prosecutorial capacity of the government. One can also question the capacity of local journalists in reporting and verifying information,” said Aynte.

In what is widely perceived as a diversion amidst increasing public scrutiny, the Somali government on Feb 3. announced the formation of an independent Human Rights Taskforce. The goal of the taskforce is to “investigate the broadest range of human rights abuses, including the organised killing of journalists and sexual violence against women.

Somalia: Five European Ambassadors Present Credentials to Somalia

Five European ambassadors jointly presented their credentials to Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in Mogadishu on Tuesday (February 26th), according to a news release from the Delegation of the European Union to Kenya.

Ambassadors Margit Hellwig-Bötte of Germany, Etienne de Poncins of France, Javier Herrera García-Canturri of Spain, Bart Ouvry of Belgium and Sofie From-Emmesberger of Finland become their countries' ambassadors to Somalia for the first time in more than two decades.

"With the accreditation of five EU member states' ambassadors to Somalia, the EU expresses its genuine commitment to the people of Somalia and underlines its confidence in the new political dispensation," the statement said. "The EU's partnership with Somalia is based upon respect for Somali ownership and responsibility."

The EU said it supports the Somali government's efforts in building a federal state, establishing security and the rule of law, improving its financial management system, and living peacefully with its neighbours

US official signals continued support of Mali, African nations

By Grace Jean

The principal officer in charge of the US Department of State's Bureau for African Affairs said on 22 February that he expects an increase in government support to help restore peace and democracy in troubled nations, including Mali, that have fallen prey to Islamist radicals.

"We expect we will respond appropriately to threats that emerge in Africa," Ambassador Johnnie Carson, assistant secretary of state for the Bureau of African Affairs, told reporters during a roundtable discussion in Washington. "We will continue to increase our support and assistance to beat that threat."

For the last month, the United States has been providing logistical support to French troops in Mali, where Islamist radicals have been infiltrating the northern region of the country after the democratically elected president was ousted by a military coup in March 2012.

The French intervened with military forces on 11 January to free Mali's northern towns that had been captured by the Islamist militants, part of a group called Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). The French and West African troops recaptured all three major cities in northern Mali and have also pushed AQIM out of small towns and back up into mountains, said Carson.

ARTICLE 19 STATEMENT: Myanmar: Press bill falls far short of international law and would leave press open to abuse

Despite promises of reform, a new press bill presented in parliament retains a vagueness that will leave the print media open to abuse from the government and other powerful actors.

The draft Press Law Bill (2013) says that the media should become “a fourth pillar” of democracy “watching and guiding the other three”. The media will not however become a fourth pillar under this draft because it undermines their role and overly restricts their work.

Governments often abuse regulation of the press to restrict rather than protect the right to freedom of expression and a free media. Journalists and the press should not be subject under such press regulations to greater restrictions on their right to express themselves compared to ordinary people.

As such, most advanced democracies have abolished any regulation of the press except by general laws. Experiences from other newly democratising states in Eastern Europe for example show that even young democracies do not need a press law.

The bill has both positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, it repeals draconian laws and replaces them with provisions that proclaim human rights. On the negative side it falls substantially below international freedom of expression standards.
Problems in the Press Law Bill

1. Who is a journalist?

Even though the bill refers to the rights and duties of journalists, it is unclear who would be protected under the rights described, and whether for example it includes freelancers or stringers.

Recommendation: Protection should be provided to all journalists working in the country and extended to media workers in general, such as editors, publishers, photographers. A journalist should be defined broadly as anyone who is regularly and professionally engaged in the collection and dissemination of information for the public via any means of mass communication.

2. Reporting regulated by the state

The bill sets out the duties of journalists and aims to regulate issues such as reporting on court cases, children and women, or on poor and disabled people. These duties should not be imposed by the state, which might amount to an interference with freedom of expression that is unnecessary in a democratic society

Recommendation: The press should be encouraged to self-regulate rather than have rules imposed by the state. Journalists and press outlets should be free to adopt and voluntarily follow professional standards of ethics.

3. Overbroad restrictions on content

International law has a clear and non-expandable list of acceptable restrictions to freedom of expression. The restriction in the bill making sure that publications “benefit national and public interest” and that prohibit “provocative expression, “false propaganda” are not among such permissible restrictions..

Recommendation: Only those clear restrictions covered under Article 19(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights should be listed in the bill.

4. Freedom of information is limited

The bill limits access to information held by government by excluding “matters of public and national security” and “secret records”. International standards are clear however that all information should be provided to journalists or members of the public, unless the government department can show that they are hiding the information to protect a legitimate aim as listed in law, the disclosure must threaten to cause substantial harm to that aim, and the harm to the aim must be greater than the public interest in having the information.

Recommendation: The bill should not exclude “matters of public and national security” and “secret records” from being accessible, and the government should create a right to information law.

5. Press Council is not independent

The bill preserves a statutory Press Council under the control of the president, therefore placing control and penalties for the press in the hands of the government. The president decides who will be on the council, and as there is no provision covering funding or competence, will presumably decide what it will do, leaving it wide open to abuse.

Recommendation: A press council should be created by the press itself through a process of consultations with participation from all stakeholders. If such a council is mandated by the state in statute, it should include a clear guarantee of independence from government influence.

6. Press outlets require permission or licences

The bill violates international law by requiring press outlets to obtain permission or licences in order to operate. A government that decides who can run a newspaper, magazine or news website in effect controls the media.

Recommendation: No licencing or permissions should exist beyond general laws for businesses such as tax.

7. Foreign publications are still subject to prior-censorship

The bill gives powers to a “respective ministry” to inspect and decide whether imported foreign publications are “capable of threatening the national security and public interest”. By its nature this amounts to prior censorship.

Recommendation: Only courts should have powers to order seizure of publications, be they imported or produced in Burma.
Positive features in the Press Law Bill

A. It repeals draconian laws

The bill will repeal Myanmar’s infamously draconian Printers and Publishers Registration Law (1962) which requires prior-censorship in all forms of media.

B. Journalists are empowered and protected

By proclaiming specific rights, the bill recognises the need for protection of journalists and the press. As the draconian Printers and Publishers Registration Law (1962) does not use the language of rights, it gives no opportunities for journalists and the press to make claims in defence of their interests.

C. Right to freedom of expression proclaimed

Even though Myanmar sits alongside those countries such as North Korea that have not ratified any of the international human rights treaties, the bill proclaims a number of rights aiming at free expression; for example the right to information or the right to express opinions and convictions. In compliance with international law the bill sets out that these rights belong to everyone as opposed to journalists only.

D. Introduction of arbitration for disputes with the press

The bill creates an extrajudicial dispute resolution mechanism by empowering the Press Council to examine in the first instance complaints against the press. Arbitration outside courts provides speediness and reduces cost in many states worldwide, therefore strengthening media freedom. By requiring victims of press violations to go to the Press Council before a court, the bill protects journalists and the press from expensive and intimidating court proceedings.

E. Introduction of the protection of journalists’ sources and the right to accreditations

The bill strengthens the status of journalists by recognising the right to accreditation and the right not to reveal journalists’ sources, as is the norm in most states worldwide.

Next steps

ARTICLE 19 will be carrying out a detailed legal analysis of the draft bill, including specific recommendations that we will put to the government of Myanmar and civil society in the country.

Elephant seals help scientists solve climate mystery

The animals, fitted with head sensors, have helped to provide data from the Antarctic's most inaccessible depths
A Southern Ocean elephant seal wears a sensor on its head as it swims in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica. Photograph: Iain Field/Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC/Reuters
Elephant seals wearing head sensors and swimming deep beneath Antarctic ice have helped scientists better understand how the ocean's coldest, deepest waters are formed, providing vital clues to understanding its role in the world's climate.

The tagged seals, along with sophisticated satellite data and moorings in ocean canyons, all played a role in providing data from the extreme Antarctic environment, where observations are very rare and ships could not go, said researchers at the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem CRC in Tasmania.

Scientists have long known of the existence of "Antarctic bottom water," a dense, deep layer of water near the ocean floor that has a significant impact on the movement of the world's oceans.

Three areas where this water is formed were known of, and the existence of a fourth suspected for decades, but the area was far too inaccessible, until now, thanks to the seals.

"The seals went to an area of the coastline that no ship was ever going to get to," said Guy Williams, ACE CRC sea ice specialist and co-author of the study.

"This is a particular form of Antarctic water called Antarctic bottom water production, one of the engines that drives ocean circulation," he told Reuters. "What we've done is found another piston in that engine."

Southern Ocean elephant seals are the largest of all seals, with males growing up to six meters long and weighing up to 4,000kg.

Twenty of the seals were deployed from Davis Station in east Antarctica in 2011 with a sensor, weighing about 100 to 200 grams, on their heads. Each of the sensors had a small satellite relay which transmitted data on a daily basis during the five to 10 minute intervals when the seals surfaced.

"We get four dives worth of data a day but they're actually doing up to 60 dives," he said.

"The elephant seals … went to the very source and found this very cold, very saline dense water in the middle of winter beneath a polynya, which is what we call an ice factory around the coast of Antarctica," Williams added.

Previous studies have shown that there are 50-year-long trends in the properties of the Antarctic bottom water, and Williams said the latest study will help better assess those changes, perhaps providing clues for climate change modeling.

"Several of the seals foraged on the continental slope as far down as 1,800 metres, punching through into a layer of this dense water cascading down the abyss," he said in a statement. "They gave us very rare and valuable wintertime measurements of this process."

source:  Reuters

Global warming and airflow changes 'caused US and EU heatwaves'


Air systems that encircle planet can slow to standstill, as greenhouse gas heats Arctic and causes temperature imbalance

Heatwave in 2003 in France. Photograph: Dominique Faget AFP/Getty
Global warming may have caused extreme events such as a 2011 drought in the United States and a 2003 heatwave in Europe by slowing vast, wave-like weather flows in the northern hemisphere, scientists said on Tuesday.

The study of meandering air systems that encircle the planet adds to understanding of extremes that have killed thousands of people and driven up food prices in the past decade.

Such planetary airflows, which suck warm air from the tropics when they swing north and draw cold air from the Arctic when they swing south, seem to be have slowed more often in recent summers and left some regions sweltering, they said.

"During several recent extreme weather events these planetary waves almost freeze in their tracks for weeks," wrote Vladimir Petoukhov, lead author of the study at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.

"So instead of bringing in cool air after having brought warm air in before, the heat just stays," he said in a statement of the findings in the US journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

A difference in temperatures between the Arctic and areas to the south is usually the main driver of the wave flows, which typically stretch 2,500km- 4,000km (1,550-2,500 miles) from crest to crest.

But a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, blamed on human activities led by use of fossil fuels, is heating the Arctic faster than other regions and slowing the mechanism that drives the waves, the study suggested.

Weather extremes in the past decade include a European heatwave in 2003 that may have killed 70,000 people, a Russian heatwave and flooding in Pakistan in 2010 and a 2011 heatwave in the United States, the authors added.

The authors wrote that they proposed "a common mechanism" for the generation of waves linked to climate change.

Past studies have linked such extremes to global warming but did not identify an underlying mechanism, said Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, director of the Potsdam Institute and a co-author, who called the findings "quite a breakthrough," he wrote. The scientists added that the 32-year-period studied was too short to predict future climate change and that natural variations in the climate had not been ruled out completely as a cause.

The study only considered the northern part of the globe, in summertime. Petoukhov led another study in 2010 suggesting that cold snaps in some recent winters in Europe were linked to low amounts of ice in the Arctic Ocean.

Almost 200 governments have agreed to work out by the end of 2015 a deal to combat rising global greenhouse gas emissions that will enter into force from 2020.

Drones, Africa and the Decline of American Power


The Counter-Terrorism Diversion
by NORMAN POLLACK

The announcement (Feb. 22) that the US has opened a drone base in Niger has been deliberately couched in abstract counterterrorism terms: unarmed Predator drones for reconnaissance purposes in order to track Al Qaeda and, never to be missed, “its affiliates.”  Who could possibly object to such worthwhile activity?  The New York Times, in its news story, didn’t seem to.  And if polls are any indication, the general effort, especially in that far-off nebula called Africa, where the baddies, whom we’ve got on the run from Pakistan and Afghanistan, hang out, has Americans’ rock-solid support.

We know the bit about “unarmed” and “reconnaissance” is not meant seriously, a Brennan-Obama wink as it were, because the same introductory ploy was used in Djibouti, where a very large US drone base was established on those terms, and quickly transformed to the only real purpose of such an enterprise, i.e., targeted assassination.  Djibouti was carefully selected because of the wide swath of territory it covered, and because the government was amenable to US terms, including a status-of-forces agreement, just as now in Niger, in which US personnel are exempted from local jurisdiction in the commission of crimes.  An ideal situation, in which we can roll up our sleeves and go after the Enemy, which in the Djibouti case meant al-Awlaki and his son, both US citizens.

What of course is not being said, about Niger, Djibouti, and the whole counterterrorism effort is that, as a result, Africa is “in play” more than previously for American imperialist activities, which before, could be taken for granted as normalized, almost routine, exploitation of raw-materials production, but now, with China’s penetration, and far more sophisticated relationships to the peoples affected, such as building soccer fields and promoting education, requires of the US a catching-up phase to hold its own.  As with imperialism, whether or not historically attached to colonialism, the so-called “natives” are a mere incidental factor in the execution of policy, yet in this case, not only they but also counterterrorism is incidental to US purposes.  Even imperialism per se begins to blend into a wider framework, which, let’s call, the geopolitical strategy for a) maintaining the security of capitalism in, and chief architect of, the world system, and b) buttressing America’s claims to lead and work advantageously in that system.

We are in Africa whether or not al Qaeda and “its affiliates” are present, because Africa, in what has become an increasingly multipolar world, is both ripe for pickings in its own right and a pivotal sector in the political-economic rivalries of the Great Powers.  Indeed, the fight is also becoming ideological.  Just as we feared Russian penetration outside its immediate sphere of influence during the Cold War, now it is China, in a Second Cold War, or perhaps the First continued under new conditions, which we must at all costs prevent from invading our sphere of influence or testing our military strength.  Bless al Qaeda, it enables us to prosecute our warlike activities against China!  To paraphrase Sartre’s seminal essay on anti-Semitism, anti-Semitism is about everything except Jews; here, counterterrorism is about everything but terrorists; and if we didn’t have al Qaeda and “its affiliates” to contend with, we would have had to invent them, as part of our desperate attempt to remain the unilateral dominant power on the global stage.

The strain, however, is showing.  The blanket use of assassination, coming directly from the personal authorization, down to specific targets, of His Majesty POTUS  (and the Svengali-like Brennan always at his ear on the Terror Tuesday swing-dings off the Situation Room), is itself admission enough to the world that America, like Rome before it, is beginning its decline, placing it—except for its huge nuclear arsenal, which partly accounts for the deference still shown the US by the world community—as one among the many others in the family of nations, a position ordinarily satisfying to a country, but not to one which is accustomed to having its own way and, in addition, depends on the huge defense-cum-military budget to ward off economic stagnation and unemployment (even here, not succeeding all that well).  This airstrip in Niger is more than the opening of a new front against terrorists.  It is a straw in the wind, embodying the doctrine of permanent war, the necessity for creating an active regional presence throughout the globe, a forward line of bases to ensure the stabilization of areas intended for political-commercial penetration—and, if possible, gain the jump on China.

To falter in this regard is to risk falling victim to the psychological version of the domino theory:  If the US loses in Africa (incidentally, Niger and Djibouti nicely complemented each other for controlling the East and West), this will encourage its (nonofficial) enemies from gaining ground in other areas of US interest.  The unraveling of international power must be stopped.  And behind China, what of Brazil, what of the Third World erupting and industrializing on its own terms?  What of other regions, once drone warfare and assassination have deprived America of its moral coloring, would these countries still show deference to America?  And in fighting this rearguard historical battle, the US can enter the realm of still greater urgency and its soulmate, denial, by fleeing from the major questions threatening world civilization itself, such as climate change and environmental degradation, taking refuge in the fairy land of antiscience, as though challenges to American might and challenges to the well-being of the planet will alike disappear, if we only close our eyes and keep our finger on the firing trigger (8,000 miles from target) for further assassinations.

[Here follows my New York Times Comment (Feb. 23) to the article on Niger drone base.  The objectives of imperialism]:

Why assume the new base in Niger is directed against Al Qaeda, when in fact the drone presence, necessitating airstrips, provides the basis for establishing a US regional penetration that is part of exerting greater political and economic influence in Africa–head-to-head in competition with China, which has already gained access to raw materials and investment channels.

Counter-terrorism is a ploy, a phony diversion, for achieving the classic objectives of imperialism. The status-of-forces agreement with poor Niger indicates, not respect for another country, but the forcible wresting of concessions from them. Moreover, do you really believe the unarmed drones–if such be the case–will remain unarmed for long? The name of the game is to get inside, then proceed the way the US planned all the time. Assassination leaves a stain on US foreign policy which surely will come back to haunt America.

Norman Pollack is the author of “The Populist Response to Industrial America” (Harvard) and “The Just Polity” (Illinois), Guggenheim Fellow, and professor of history emeritus, Michigan State University.